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Membership of Humanity
It is important to ask our
religions, philosophies, cultures and societies what meaning they give
to our loyalties. We have to evaluate our postulates and beliefs, our
idea of truth and men, and even, to be more specific, our personal
philosophies, our nations and our societies. This conscious and critical
attitude is an essential condition if we are not to become trapped in
our existing loyalties. When that happens, we deny, or greatly
relativize, our primary membership of humanity. Any
moral teaching, on the part of any religion, spirituality or
philosophy, that might lead us to ignore the common humanity of all men,
to deny the dignity of some men, or to establish distinctions and an
ontological hierarchy between beings must be critically evaluated
because it can have serious and dangerous implications.
Many factors explain why such
teachings have emerged. Sometimes, the problem lies in the very
fundamentals of a tradition, as is the case with the theory of castes.
In most cases, however, it is dogmatic or reductive interpretations of
the founding texts that lead to exclusivist, closed or inquisitorial
approaches. The closed minds of certain scholars, specific cultural
features or even historical circumstances - being in a position of power
or, at the opposite extreme, experiencing oppression or rejection - may
bring about interpretations or theories that reduce 'belonging' to
meaning membership of one to a single religious community, or to the
supposed supremacy of one ideology or to blind nationalism. The very
idea of our common humanity is then called into question or even denied.
We have to think critically and we always have to begin anew, because no
religion, spirituality or human or political philosophy is immune to
closed interpretations, to abuses of power or to the instrumentalization
of the feeling of being a victim. Scholars, theologians,
philosophers and intellectuals must constantly strive to recapture the
essence of the human and humanist teachings that lie at the heart of
every religion, philosophy or tradition. This is a requirement of faith,
the heart and the mind. In the name of our primary membership of humanity, we must never deny the common and equal dignity of all human beings.
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